What vaccinations are given to children up to one year old?

Con­tro­ver­sies about the need to vac­ci­nate chil­dren, espe­cial­ly infants, have not sub­sided for sev­er­al years in a row. After learn­ing from the news about the baby’s death caused by vac­ci­na­tion, par­ents are very hor­ri­fied. At the same time, the sta­tis­tics of deaths from dis­eases that can be avoid­ed with time­ly vac­ci­na­tion sug­gest the need for vac­ci­na­tion. It is def­i­nite­ly nec­es­sary to vac­ci­nate chil­dren up to one year old, but it is impor­tant to exclude risks. Vac­ci­na­tion must be car­ried out accord­ing to a cer­tain sched­ule. Below, it will be described in detail, and we will also talk about how to avoid neg­a­tive con­se­quences, and find out what vac­ci­na­tions a child should receive before one year.

In this arti­cle you will learn:

1. What vac­ci­na­tions are giv­en to chil­dren up to one year old? (#yak1)

2. Vac­ci­na­tion con­di­tions (#yak2)

3. List of vac­ci­na­tions and con­traindi­ca­tions (#yak3)

Arguments for and against

Vac­ci­na­tion of chil­dren is car­ried out only with the con­sent of par­ents, and with­out their per­mis­sion it is for­bid­den to car­ry out any manip­u­la­tions relat­ed to the health of chil­dren. In order to make the right deci­sion, you should find out which vac­ci­na­tions are giv­en to chil­dren under one year old and in which cas­es they are cat­e­gor­i­cal­ly con­traindi­cat­ed.

Argu­ments for:

1. With­out vac­ci­na­tion, a seri­ous dis­ease (tuber­cu­lo­sis, hepati­tis B, etc.) can lead to death;

2. Vac­ci­na­tion sig­nif­i­cant­ly reduces the prob­a­bil­i­ty of infec­tion with infec­tious dis­eases;

3. In case of ill­ness, a vac­ci­nat­ed child tol­er­ates it more eas­i­ly and com­pli­ca­tions occur less often;

4. Unvac­ci­nat­ed chil­dren can become infect­ed from a vac­ci­nat­ed baby who is not sick, but is a car­ri­er of a dan­ger­ous dis­ease.

Argu­ments against:

1. Vac­ci­na­tion, increas­ing immu­ni­ty to a spe­cif­ic dis­ease, reduces the gen­er­al pro­tec­tive func­tions of the body;

2. The intro­duc­tion of a for­eign pro­tein into the body can cause side effects;

3. The vac­cine may turn out to be of poor qual­i­ty. In order to avoid this, if the nec­es­sary vac­cine is not avail­able in the med­ical facil­i­ty, you should not buy it from an unknown per­son on the Inter­net, but buy it by pre­scrip­tion in spe­cial­ized phar­ma­cies.

Vaccination conditions

In Ukraine, cal­en­dar vac­ci­na­tions are giv­en to chil­dren free of charge in pub­lic med­ical insti­tu­tions, but you can also go to a paid pri­vate med­ical cen­ter if the vac­cine is not avail­able in the poly­clin­ic. Regard­less of the place of vac­ci­na­tion, before the pro­ce­dure, the doc­tor must per­form the fol­low­ing:

1. Con­duct an exam­i­na­tion dur­ing which the tem­per­a­ture is mea­sured, the res­pi­ra­to­ry organs are lis­tened to, the con­di­tion of the skin, mucous mem­brane of the oral cav­i­ty, eyes is assessed;

2. Famil­iar­ize your­self with the anam­ne­sis;

3. Find out the reac­tion to pre­vi­ous­ly per­formed vac­ci­na­tions (if they were done);

4. If nec­es­sary, appoint addi­tion­al exam­i­na­tions and tests;

5. If there are no con­traindi­ca­tions, get the writ­ten con­sent of one of the par­ents for vac­ci­na­tion.

Next, the doc­tor makes a note about vac­ci­na­tion with accom­pa­ny­ing infor­ma­tion about the vac­cine. The child after the pro­ce­dure for half an hour or more (as indi­cat­ed in the instruc­tions for the vac­cine) must remain under the super­vi­sion of a health work­er.

List of vaccinations and contraindications

In Ukraine, the nec­es­sary vac­ci­na­tions for new­borns are car­ried out in the first few days after birth in the mater­ni­ty hos­pi­tal. This is due to the fact that, unlike most Euro­pean coun­tries, chil­dren in our coun­try are at high risk of con­tract­ing hepati­tis B and tuber­cu­lo­sis. If the cal­en­dar vac­ci­na­tion is missed, then the vac­ci­na­tion is car­ried out accord­ing to the sched­ule indi­vid­u­al­ly drawn up by the doc­tor.

Vac­ci­na­tion sched­ule for chil­dren up to one year:

• 1 day after birth (12–24 hours) — hepati­tis B;

• 3–5 day — tuber­cu­lo­sis;

• 1 month — hepati­tis B;

• 2 months — poliomyelitis, hemo­philic infec­tion, diph­the­ria, tetanus, whoop­ing cough;

• 4 months — repeat­ed vac­ci­na­tion: poliomyelitis, hemo­philic infec­tion, tetanus, diph­the­ria, whoop­ing cough;

• 6 months — poliomyelitis, hepati­tis B, diph­the­ria, whoop­ing cough, tetanus;

• 12 months — rubel­la, measles, mumps, hemo­philic infec­tion.

The vac­ci­na­tions that are giv­en to chil­dren at 1 year of age, pro­vid­ed that there are no con­traindi­ca­tions, are list­ed above. The main ones include:

• Ana­phy­lac­tic reac­tion and oth­er severe com­pli­ca­tions after pre­vi­ous vac­ci­na­tion;

• Aller­gy to any vac­cine com­po­nent;

• Dis­ease in the acute stage or exac­er­ba­tion of chron­ic pathol­o­gy;

• Body tem­per­a­ture is 38.0 ° C and above.

It should be not­ed that in 2020, accord­ing to the inno­va­tion, such minor health dis­or­ders as teething and a cold with a tem­per­a­ture of up to 38.0° C are not grounds for refus­ing vac­ci­na­tion.